Sports & Recreation

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Pools and Spas

Injury Statistics

Date	Report
June 04, 2025	Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2025 Report
June 05, 2024	Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2024 Report
June 07, 2023	Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings 2023
June 08, 2022	Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2022 Report
June 08, 2021	Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2021 Report
April 29, 2020	Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2020
June 06, 2019	Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2019
May 16, 2019	2014–2018 Reported Circulation/Suction Entrapment Incidents Associated with Pools, Spas, and Whirlpool Bathtubs, 2019 Report
May 29, 2018	2013-2017 Reported Circulation/Suction Entrapment Incidents Associated with Pools, Spas, and Whirlpool Bathtubs, 2018 Report
May 29, 2018	Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2018 Report
May 23, 2017	2012-2016 Reported Circulation/Suction Entrapment Incidents Associated with Pools, Spas, and Whirlpool Bathtubs, 2017 Report
May 23, 2017	Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2017 Report
May 21, 2015	Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Non-Fatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2015 Report
May 21, 2014	2009-2013 Reported Circulation/Suction Entrapment Incidents Associated with Pools, Spas, and Whirlpool Bathtubs, 2014 Report
May 21, 2014	Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Injuries and Reported Fatalities, 2014 Report
September 03, 2013	Incidence and Cost of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, Pool and Spa Submersion and Lead Poisoning
May 22, 2013	2008– - 2012 Reported Circulation/Suction Entrapments Associated with Pools, Spas, and Whirlpool Bathtubs
May 21, 2013	2013 Pool or Spa Submersion Report: Estimated Injuries and Reported Fatalities
May 31, 2012	1999-2011 Reported Circulation/Suction Entrapments Associated with Pools, Spas, and Whirlpool Tubs, 2012 Memorandum
May 30, 2012	2012 Pool or Spa Submersion Report: Estimated Injuries and Reported Fatalities
May 31, 2011	1999-2010 Report (released 5/2011)
May 31, 2011	2011 Pool or Spa Submersion Report: Estimated Injuries and Reported Fatalities
May 30, 2010	2010 Pool or Spa Submersion Report: Estimated Injuries and Reported Fatalities
May 24, 2010	1999-2009 Reported Circulation/Suction Entrapments Associated With Pools, Spas, and Whirlpool Tubs, 2010 Memorandum
May 30, 2009	2009 Pool and Spa Submersion Report: Estimated Injuries and Reported Fatalities
May 14, 2009	1999-2008 Reported Circulation/Suction Entrapments Associated with Pools, Spas, and Whirlpool Tubs, 2009 Memorandum
May 31, 2008	2008 Pool and Spa Submersion Report: Estimated Injuries and Reported Fatalities
March 21, 2008	1999-2007 Reported Circulation/Suction Entrapments Associated with Pools, Hot Tubs, Spas and Whirlpools, 2008 Memorandum
June 30, 2007	2007 Memorandum on Pool Drowning Incidents
May 05, 2006	2006 Memorandum on Pool Drowning Incidents
May 02, 2005	2005 Annual Drowning Memorandum (3221)
May 30, 2000	2000 Study on Pool Alarm Reliability
January 13, 1997	Hair Entanglement, Entrapment and Disembowelment Associated with Spas, Swimming Pools and Wading Pools From Jan. 1990 to May 1996

Technical Reports

Date	Report
September 11, 2013	Contract Report on Safety Vacuum Release Systems (SVRS) Modeling Interim Report
September 11, 2013	Contract Report on Safety Vacuum Release Systems (SVRS) Modeling Final Report
December 01, 2003	Draft Guidelines for Entrapment Hazards: Making Pools and Spas Safer

Sports & Recreation

Injury Statistics

Date	Report
June 04, 2025	Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2025 Report
May 20, 2025	2024 Report of Deaths and Injuries Involving Off-Highway Vehicles with More than Two Wheels
November 25, 2024	Non-Powered Bicycle Injuries and Fatalities
October 04, 2024	Micromobility Products-Related Deaths, Injuries, and Hazard Patterns: 2017–2023
June 05, 2024	Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2024 Report
May 29, 2024	2023 Report of Deaths and Injuries Involving Off-Highway Vehicles with More than Two Wheels
October 16, 2023	Micromobility Products-Related Deaths, Injuries, and Hazard Patterns: 2017–2022
June 07, 2023	Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings 2023
May 22, 2023	2022 Report of Deaths and Injuries Involving Off-Highway Vehicles with more than Two Wheels
November 02, 2022	Study of Debris Penetration of Recreational Off-highway Vehicle (ROV) Proof-of-Concept (POC) Floorboard Guards
October 11, 2022	Micromobility Products-Related Deaths, Injuries, and Hazard Patterns: 2017-2021
June 08, 2022	Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2022 Report
April 13, 2022	Final Report on Technical Support Activities for a Screening-Level Risk Assessment of Playground Surfaces
December 22, 2021	Study of Debris Penetration of Recreational Off-Highway Vehicle (ROV) Floorboards
December 13, 2021	2021 Report of Deaths and Injuries Involving Off-Highway Vehicles with more than Two Wheels
November 15, 2021	Micromobility Products-Related Deaths Injuries and Hazard Patterns 2017-2020
September 15, 2020	Micromobility Products-Related Deaths, Injuries, and Hazard Patterns 2017–2019
April 29, 2020	Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2020
February 03, 2020	2018 Annual Report of ATV-Related Deaths and Injuries
June 06, 2019	Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2019
May 16, 2019	2014–2018 Reported Circulation/Suction Entrapment Incidents Associated with Pools, Spas, and Whirlpool Bathtubs, 2019 Report
February 01, 2019	2017 Annual Report of ATV-Related Deaths and Injuries
May 29, 2018	2013-2017 Reported Circulation/Suction Entrapment Incidents Associated with Pools, Spas, and Whirlpool Bathtubs, 2018 Report
May 29, 2018	Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2018 Report
May 23, 2017	Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2017 Report
May 23, 2017	2012-2016 Reported Circulation/Suction Entrapment Incidents Associated with Pools, Spas, and Whirlpool Bathtubs, 2017 Report
May 15, 2017	Tent Incident Data for 2010 - 2015
April 24, 2017	Injuries and Investigated Deaths Associated with Playground Equipment 2009 to 2014
January 23, 2017	2015 Annual Report of ATV-Related Deaths and Injuries

Technical Reports

Date	Report
November 21, 2024	Evaluation of Additional Aftermarket and Proof-of-Concept Occupant Protection Devices (OPDs) on ATVs
October 03, 2024	Summary of Electric and Non-Powered Bicycle Standards
March 15, 2024	Development of Enhanced Proof-of-Concept (POC) Electronic Stability Control (ESC) System for ATV Stability
January 03, 2024	Review of Automotive Safety Technologies Applicable to All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs)
November 30, 2022	Evaluation of Anti-lock Brake System (ABS) Technology on ATV Stability – Results from Tests on Two 2021 Model Year Vehicles
November 30, 2022	Development of Proof-of-Concept (POC) Electronic Stability Control (ESC) System for ATV Stability
March 01, 2022	CPSC Staff Statement on SEA, Ltd. Report “Rollover Tests of ATVs Outfitted with Proof of Concept Occupant Protection Devices (OPDs)”
September 15, 2020	Micromobility Products-Related Deaths, Injuries, and Hazard Patterns 2017–2019
August 28, 2020	Rollover Tests of ATVs Outfitted with Occupant Protection Devices (OPDs)
April 08, 2020	Safety Concerns Associated with Micromobility Products
October 01, 2019	CPSC Staff Statement on the University of Northern Iowa (UNI)’s “Report for National Study of Public Playground Equipment and Surfacing”
October 01, 2019	ATV Rollover Tests and Verification of a Physical Rollover Simulator
September 05, 2019	CPSC Staff Statement on the Fors Marsh Group Report, “2019 Survey of American Households: Child Interaction and Potential Exposure to Playground Surfacing Materials”
September 24, 2018	Investigating Children's Exposure To Recycled Tire Rubber Used In Playground Surfacing - Poster
May 18, 2018	ATV Attribute Modification Study: Results of Baseline and Modified Vehicle Testing
September 14, 2017	SEA Report to CPSC "Effects on Vehicle Characteristics of Two Persons Riding ATVs"
June 01, 2017	SEA Final Report to CPSC Yaw Rate Ratio Measurements of ROVs June 2016
January 25, 2017	SEA Report to CPSC "Vehicle Characteristics Measurements of All-Terrain Vehicles"

ATV and ROVs

Injury Statistics

Date	Report
May 20, 2025	2024 Report of Deaths and Injuries Involving Off-Highway Vehicles with More than Two Wheels
May 29, 2024	2023 Report of Deaths and Injuries Involving Off-Highway Vehicles with More than Two Wheels
November 02, 2022	Study of Debris Penetration of Recreational Off-highway Vehicle (ROV) Proof-of-Concept (POC) Floorboard Guards
December 13, 2021	2021 Report of Deaths and Injuries Involving Off-Highway Vehicles with more than Two Wheels
December 02, 2020	2020 Report of Deaths and Injuries Involving Off-Highway Vehicles with More than Two Wheels
February 03, 2020	2018 Annual Report of ATV-Related Deaths and Injuries
February 01, 2019	2017 Annual Report of ATV-Related Deaths and Injuries
December 26, 2017	2016 Annual Report of ATV-Related Deaths and Injuries
January 23, 2017	2015 Annual Report of ATV-Related Deaths and Injuries
January 29, 2016	2014 Annual Report of ATV-Related Deaths and Injuries
February 27, 2015	2013 Annual Report of ATV-Related Deaths and Injuries
September 08, 2014	A Pilot Study of Fatal ATV-Related Incidents Involving Passengers
May 19, 2014	National Estimates of ATV-Related Emergency Department-Treated Injuries
April 17, 2014	2012 Annual Report of ATV-Related Deaths and Injuries
February 28, 2013	2011 Annual Report of All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV)-Related Deaths and Injuries
December 31, 2011	2010 Annual Report of All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV)-Related Deaths and Injuries
December 31, 2010	2009 Annual Report of All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV)-Related Deaths and Injuries
January 31, 2010	2008 Annual Report of All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV)-Related Deaths and Injuries
October 15, 2008	2007 Annual Report of All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV)-Related Deaths and Injuries
February 28, 2008	2006 Annual Report of All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV)-Related Deaths and Injuries
December 31, 2006	2005 Annual Report of All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV)-Related Deaths and Injuries
September 30, 2005	2004 Annual Report of All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV)-Related Deaths and Injuries
January 26, 2005	2003 Annual Report of All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV)-Related Deaths and Injuries
October 24, 2003	2002 Annual Report of All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV)-Related Deaths and Injuries
January 31, 2003	All-Terrain Vehicle 2001 Injury and Exposure Studies
May 15, 2002	2001 Annual Report of All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV)-Related Deaths and Injuries
June 13, 2000	1999 Annual Report of All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV)-Related Deaths and Injuries
April 30, 1998	All-Terrain Vehicle Exposure, Injury, Death, and Risk Studies
April 30, 1998	PART III Report on All-Terrain Vehicle-Related Deaths January 1, 1985 - December 31, 1996
April 30, 1998	All terrain vehicles (ATVs) - Part 2 (3287)
April 01, 1998	All terrain vehicles (ATVs) - Part 1 (3287)

Technical Reports

Date	Report
November 21, 2024	Evaluation of Additional Aftermarket and Proof-of-Concept Occupant Protection Devices (OPDs) on ATVs
March 15, 2024	Development of Enhanced Proof-of-Concept (POC) Electronic Stability Control (ESC) System for ATV Stability
January 03, 2024	Review of Automotive Safety Technologies Applicable to All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs)
November 30, 2022	Evaluation of Anti-lock Brake System (ABS) Technology on ATV Stability – Results from Tests on Two 2021 Model Year Vehicles
November 30, 2022	Development of Proof-of-Concept (POC) Electronic Stability Control (ESC) System for ATV Stability
March 01, 2022	CPSC Staff Statement on SEA, Ltd. Report “Rollover Tests of ATVs Outfitted with Proof of Concept Occupant Protection Devices (OPDs)”
August 28, 2020	Rollover Tests of ATVs Outfitted with Occupant Protection Devices (OPDs)
October 01, 2019	ATV Rollover Tests and Verification of a Physical Rollover Simulator
May 18, 2018	ATV Attribute Modification Study: Results of Baseline and Modified Vehicle Testing
February 23, 2018	Vehicle Characteristics Measurements of ATVs on Groomed Dirt
January 30, 2018	Effects on ATV Vehicle Characteristics of Rider Active Weight Shift
September 14, 2017	SEA Report to CPSC "Effects on Vehicle Characteristics of Two Persons Riding ATVs"
July 27, 2017	Test Trial Focus Groups on Child-Resistant ATV Ignition Functionality and Usability Study: Final Report
June 01, 2017	SEA Final Report to CPSC Yaw Rate Ratio Measurements of ROVs June 2016
January 25, 2017	SEA Report to CPSC "Vehicle Characteristics Measurements of All-Terrain Vehicles"
September 08, 2016	All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) Attribute Modification Study Results of Baseline Vehicle Testing for CPSC conducted by SEA Limited (SEA) and CPSC statement
May 04, 2016	Dynamic Occupant Protection Performance Tests for Recreational Off-Highway Vehicles (ROVs)
December 01, 2015	Tilt Table Measurements on Twenty-Two Recreational Off-Highway Vehicles
December 01, 2015	Vehicle Characteristics Measurements of Recreational Off-Highway Vehicles - Results from Tests on Thirteen 2014-2015 Model Year Vehicles
August 31, 2015	Evaluation of Recreational Off-Highway (ROV) Vehicle Hangtag: Cognitive Interview and Focus Group Testing
July 02, 2015	Westat Phase 3 Final Report - Observational Study of Seat Belt Use in ROVs
June 01, 2015	Supplemental Memos Regarding Some of the Hazards Associated with Engine-Driven Generators, 2004-2014
February 21, 2015	Westat Phase 2 Final Report - User Acceptance of Seat Belt Speed Limiters on ROVs
November 06, 2013	Repeatability Testing of ROVs
August 07, 2013	Results from Proposed ROHVA and OPEI Dynamic Maneuvers
August 07, 2013	Circle Testing of Two ROVs on Dirt Surface
July 24, 2013	Test and Evaluation of ROVs Dynamic Occupant Protection Performance Tests for CPSC by SEA
July 24, 2013	Test and Evaluation report Pilot Study-Phase II of ROVs
July 24, 2013	Test and Evaluation Report Pilot Study of ROVs
August 01, 2011	Vehicle Characteristics Measurements of Recreational Off-Highway Vehicles - Additional Results for Vehicle J for the CPSC by SEA Ltd., Vehicle Dynamics Division (5044)
April 01, 2011	Vehicle Characteristics Measurements of Recreational Off-Highway Vehicles for the CPSC by SEA Ltd., Vehicle Dynamics Division (5044)

Other Sports

Injury Statistics

Date	Report
November 25, 2024	Non-Powered Bicycle Injuries and Fatalities
May 15, 2017	Tent Incident Data for 2010 - 2015
May 13, 2016	Bicycle Injuries Seen in Hospital Emergency Departments, 2013
May 31, 2005	Sports (minus major team sports)
December 31, 2004	Recreational Cooking and Camping Products
July 31, 2004	Major Team Sports
October 01, 2001	Unpowered Scooters
September 30, 2000	Trampoline Related Injuries
September 30, 2000	Go-Kart Related Injuries & Deaths to Children
April 30, 2000	Baby Boomer Sports Injuries
January 31, 1999	Skiing Helmets - An Evaluation of the Potential to Reduce Head Injury
April 30, 1998	Sports-related injuries to persons 65 years of age and older
January 07, 1998	Go-Cart/Fun-Kart Related Injuries and Deaths for 1985-1996
May 15, 1996	Trampolines
April 08, 1996	Go-Cart Incidents Summary

Technical Reports

Date	Report
October 03, 2024	Summary of Electric and Non-Powered Bicycle Standards
April 08, 2020	Safety Concerns Associated with Micromobility Products
July 01, 2008	CPSC Staff Analysis and Assessment of Synthetic Turf "Grass Blades"
April 01, 2005	Powered Scooter Special Study 7/1/03 – 6/30/04 (5042)
February 01, 2005	Restraint Failures on Mobile Amusement Rides (1293)
June 01, 1995	An Overview of the Bicycle Study

Fire

Injury Statistics

Date	Report
May 15, 2017	Tent Incident Data for 2010 - 2015

Playgrounds

Injury Statistics

Date	Report
April 24, 2017	Injuries and Investigated Deaths Associated with Playground Equipment 2009 to 2014
October 29, 2009	Injuries and Investigated Deaths Associated with Playground Equipment, 2001-2008
April 30, 2004	Children's Outdoor Activities and Equipment
May 01, 2003	Special Study: Injuries and Deaths Involving Children Under Age 2 Associated with Playground Equipment
April 30, 2001	Special Study: Injuries and Deaths Associated with Children's Playground Equipment for 2001

Technical Reports

Date	Report
October 01, 2019	CPSC Staff Statement on the University of Northern Iowa (UNI)’s “Report for National Study of Public Playground Equipment and Surfacing”
December 01, 2005	Surfacing Materials for Indoor Play Areas - Impact Attenuation Test Report
May 01, 2002	Soft Contained Play Equipment
February 15, 2002	CCA Pressure-Treated Wood in Playground Equipment
April 24, 1990	Development of Human Factors Criteria for Playground Equipment Safety Part 6
April 24, 1990	Development of Human Factors Criteria for Playground Equipment Safety Part 4
April 24, 1990	Development of Human Factors Criteria for Playground Equipment Safety Part 2
April 24, 1990	Development of Human Factors Criteria for Playground Equipment Safety Part 5
April 24, 1990	Development of Human Factors Criteria for Playground Equipment Safety Part 3
April 24, 1990	Development of Human Factors Criteria for Playground Equipment Safety Part 1

Amusement Rides

Injury Statistics

Date	Report
March 09, 2015	Estimated Number of Injuries and Reported Deaths Associated with Inflatable Amusements, 2003 - –2013
July 10, 2009	Estimated Number of Injuries and Reported Deaths Associated with Inflatable Amusements, 2003 - 2007
July 31, 2007	Amusement Ride Related Injuries and Deaths in the United States: 2006 Update
September 07, 2005	Amusement Ride Related Injuries and Deaths in the United States: 2005
September 30, 2004	Amusement Ride Related Injuries and Deaths in the United States: 2004
November 30, 2003	Amusement Ride Related Injuries and Deaths in the United States: 2003 Update
August 31, 2002	Amusement Ride Related Injuries and Deaths in the United States: 2002 Update
August 31, 2001	Amusement Ride Related Injuries and Deaths in the United States: 1987-2000
July 31, 2000	Amusement Ride Related Injuries and Deaths in the United States: 1987-1999
June 16, 1998	Amusement Ride-Related Injuries and Deaths

Home Appliances, Maintenance and Construction

Injury Statistics

Date	Report
September 03, 2013	Incidence and Cost of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, Pool and Spa Submersion and Lead Poisoning

Carbon Monoxide

Injury Statistics

Date	Report
September 03, 2013	Incidence and Cost of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, Pool and Spa Submersion and Lead Poisoning

Other Technical Reports

Technical Reports

Date	Report
October 03, 2024	Summary of Electric and Non-Powered Bicycle Standards
April 08, 2020	Safety Concerns Associated with Micromobility Products

Crumb Rubber

Technical Reports

Date	Report
September 05, 2019	CPSC Staff Statement on the Fors Marsh Group Report, “2019 Survey of American Households: Child Interaction and Potential Exposure to Playground Surfacing Materials”
September 24, 2018	Investigating Children's Exposure To Recycled Tire Rubber Used In Playground Surfacing - Poster
January 12, 2018	Playground Surfacing Focus Group Report 2018